"-jь" meaning in All languages combined

See -jь on Wiktionary

Suffix [Proto-Slavic]

Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas, effectively continuing Proto-Indo-European *-yós and partially the marginal elative Caland suffix Proto-Indo-European *-yos ~ *-is. In some cases, e.g. Proto-Slavic *siňь, the jo-stem may have spread from the comparative *-jьš-. Over time, some yo-stem adjectives were fossilized into nouns and some kinetic i-stems were leveled out into jo-stems, giving rise to Slavic jo-stem nouns. Another source of jo-stem nouns is from Illič-Svityč's law , which transformed neutral ap B nouns (including jo-stems) into masculine. Cognate with Lithuanian -ỹs (under stress), -is (genitive -io), Lithuanian -ias/-jas (elsewhere), Latvian -̧s, -̧š. Etymology templates: {{etymon|sla-pro|:inh|ine-bsl-pro:*-jas<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-yós>>|id=nom}} [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-jas", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-jь", "lang" : "sla-pro" }" data-id="nom" data-lang="sla-pro" data-title="*-jь" id="Proto-Slavic:_nom">, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*-jas}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*-yós}} Proto-Indo-European *-yós, {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*-yos|*-yos ~ *-is}} Proto-Indo-European *-yos ~ *-is, {{cog|sla-pro|*siňь}} Proto-Slavic *siňь, {{cog|lt|-ỹs}} Lithuanian -ỹs, {{q|under stress}} (under stress), {{cog|lt|-ias}} Lithuanian -ias, {{q|elsewhere}} (elsewhere), {{cog|lv|-̧s, -̧š}} Latvian -̧s, -̧š Head templates: {{sla-adj|cat=adjective-forming suffixes}} *-jь Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -jь [indefinite, masculine, nominative, singular], -ja [feminine, indefinite, nominative, singular], -je [indefinite, neuter, nominative, singular], -ja [genitive, indefinite, masculine, singular], -ję̇ [feminine, genitive, indefinite, singular], -ja [genitive, indefinite, neuter, singular], -ju [dative, indefinite, masculine, singular], -ji [dative, feminine, indefinite, singular], -ju [dative, indefinite, neuter, singular], -jь [accusative, indefinite, masculine, singular], -jǫ [accusative, feminine, indefinite, singular], -je [accusative, indefinite, neuter, singular], -jemь [indefinite, instrumental, masculine, singular], -jejǫ [feminine, indefinite, instrumental, singular], -jemь [indefinite, instrumental, neuter, singular], -ji [indefinite, locative, masculine, singular], -ji [feminine, indefinite, locative, singular], -ji [indefinite, locative, neuter, singular], -ju [indefinite, masculine, singular, vocative], -je [feminine, indefinite, singular, vocative], -je [indefinite, neuter, singular, vocative], -ja [dual, indefinite, masculine, nominative], -ji [dual, feminine, indefinite, nominative], -ji [dual, indefinite, neuter, nominative], -ju [dual, genitive, indefinite, masculine], -ju [dual, feminine, genitive, indefinite], -ju [dual, genitive, indefinite, neuter], -jema [dative, dual, indefinite, masculine], -jama [dative, dual, feminine, indefinite], -jema [dative, dual, indefinite, neuter], -ja [accusative, dual, indefinite, masculine], -ji [accusative, dual, feminine, indefinite], -ji [accusative, dual, indefinite, neuter], -jema [dual, indefinite, instrumental, masculine], -jama [dual, feminine, indefinite, instrumental], -jema [dual, indefinite, instrumental, neuter], -ju [dual, indefinite, locative, masculine], -ju [dual, feminine, indefinite, locative], -ju [dual, indefinite, locative, neuter], -ja [dual, indefinite, masculine, vocative], -ji [dual, feminine, indefinite, vocative], -ji [dual, indefinite, neuter, vocative], -ji [indefinite, masculine, nominative, plural], -ję̇ [feminine, indefinite, nominative, plural], -ja [indefinite, neuter, nominative, plural], -jь [genitive, indefinite, masculine, plural], -jь [feminine, genitive, indefinite, plural], -jь [genitive, indefinite, neuter, plural], -jemъ [dative, indefinite, masculine, plural], -jamъ [dative, feminine, indefinite, plural], -jemъ [dative, indefinite, neuter, plural], -ję̇ [accusative, indefinite, masculine, plural], -ję̇ [accusative, feminine, indefinite, plural], -ja [accusative, indefinite, neuter, plural], -ji [indefinite, instrumental, masculine, plural], -jami [feminine, indefinite, instrumental, plural], -ji [indefinite, instrumental, neuter, plural], -jixъ [indefinite, locative, masculine, plural], -jaxъ [feminine, indefinite, locative, plural], -jixъ [indefinite, locative, neuter, plural], -ji [indefinite, masculine, plural, vocative], -ję̇ [feminine, indefinite, plural, vocative], -ja [indefinite, neuter, plural, vocative], no-table-tags [table-tags], -jьjь [definite, masculine, nominative, singular], -jaja [definite, feminine, nominative, singular], -jeje [definite, neuter, nominative, singular], -jajego [definite, genitive, masculine, singular], -ję̇ję̇ [definite, feminine, genitive, singular], -jajego [definite, genitive, neuter, singular], -jujemu [dative, definite, masculine, singular], -jiji [dative, definite, feminine, singular], -jujemu [dative, definite, neuter, singular], -jьjь [accusative, definite, masculine, singular], -jǫjǫ [accusative, definite, feminine, singular], -jeje [accusative, definite, neuter, singular], -jijimь [definite, instrumental, masculine, singular], -jǫjǫ [definite, feminine, instrumental, singular], -jijimь [definite, instrumental, neuter, singular], -jijemь [definite, locative, masculine, singular], -jiji [definite, feminine, locative, singular], -jijemь [definite, locative, neuter, singular], -jьjь [definite, masculine, singular, vocative], -jaja [definite, feminine, singular, vocative], -jeje [definite, neuter, singular, vocative], -jaja [definite, dual, masculine, nominative], -jiji [definite, dual, feminine, nominative], -jiji [definite, dual, neuter, nominative], -juju [definite, dual, genitive, masculine], -juju [definite, dual, feminine, genitive], -juju [definite, dual, genitive, neuter], -jijima [dative, definite, dual, masculine], -jijima [dative, definite, dual, feminine], -jijima [dative, definite, dual, neuter], -jaja [accusative, definite, dual, masculine], -jiji [accusative, definite, dual, feminine], -jiji [accusative, definite, dual, neuter], -jijima [definite, dual, instrumental, masculine], -jijima [definite, dual, feminine, instrumental], -jijima [definite, dual, instrumental, neuter], -juju [definite, dual, locative, masculine], -juju [definite, dual, feminine, locative], -juju [definite, dual, locative, neuter], -jaja [definite, dual, masculine, vocative], -jiji [definite, dual, feminine, vocative], -jiji [definite, dual, neuter, vocative], -jiji [definite, masculine, nominative, plural], -ję̇ję̇ [definite, feminine, nominative, plural], -jaja [definite, neuter, nominative, plural], -jьjixъ [definite, genitive, masculine, plural], -jьjixъ [definite, feminine, genitive, plural], -jьjixъ [definite, genitive, neuter, plural], -jijimъ [dative, definite, masculine, plural], -jijimъ [dative, definite, feminine, plural], -jijimъ [dative, definite, neuter, plural], -ję̇ję̇ [accusative, definite, masculine, plural], -ję̇ję̇ [accusative, definite, feminine, plural], -jaja [accusative, definite, neuter, plural], -jijimi [definite, instrumental, masculine, plural], -jijimi [definite, feminine, instrumental, plural], -jijimi [definite, instrumental, neuter, plural], -jijixъ [definite, locative, masculine, plural], -jijixъ [definite, feminine, locative, plural], -jijixъ [definite, locative, neuter, plural], -jiji [definite, masculine, plural, vocative], -ję̇ję̇ [definite, feminine, plural, vocative], -jaja [definite, neuter, plural, vocative], *-ьjь [alternative]
  1. Adjectival inherited from the Caland roots, usually with exceptional or magnifying meaning: Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-xp9x~Pyt
  2. Adjectival of secondary origin, attached to o-grade roots: Tags: adjectival, form-of, morpheme, reconstruction Form of: secondary origin, attached to o-grade roots
    Sense id: en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-3-0B5qRS
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix [Proto-Slavic]

Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas, effectively continuing Proto-Indo-European *-yós and partially the marginal elative Caland suffix Proto-Indo-European *-yos ~ *-is. In some cases, e.g. Proto-Slavic *siňь, the jo-stem may have spread from the comparative *-jьš-. Over time, some yo-stem adjectives were fossilized into nouns and some kinetic i-stems were leveled out into jo-stems, giving rise to Slavic jo-stem nouns. Another source of jo-stem nouns is from Illič-Svityč's law , which transformed neutral ap B nouns (including jo-stems) into masculine. Cognate with Lithuanian -ỹs (under stress), -is (genitive -io), Lithuanian -ias/-jas (elsewhere), Latvian -̧s, -̧š. Etymology templates: {{etymon|sla-pro|:inh|ine-bsl-pro:*-jas<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-yós>>|id=nom}} [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-jas", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-jь", "lang" : "sla-pro" }" data-id="nom" data-lang="sla-pro" data-title="*-jь" id="Proto-Slavic:_nom">, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*-jas}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*-yós}} Proto-Indo-European *-yós, {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*-yos|*-yos ~ *-is}} Proto-Indo-European *-yos ~ *-is, {{cog|sla-pro|*siňь}} Proto-Slavic *siňь, {{cog|lt|-ỹs}} Lithuanian -ỹs, {{q|under stress}} (under stress), {{cog|lt|-ias}} Lithuanian -ias, {{q|elsewhere}} (elsewhere), {{cog|lv|-̧s, -̧š}} Latvian -̧s, -̧š Head templates: {{sla-noun|m|cat=noun-forming suffixes}} *-jь m Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|stem=o}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -jь [nominative, singular], -ja [dual, nominative], -ji [nominative, plural], -ja [genitive, singular], -ju [dual, genitive], -jь [genitive, plural], -ju [dative, singular], -jema [dative, dual], -jemъ [dative, plural], -jь [accusative, singular], -ja [accusative, dual], -ję̇ [accusative, plural], -jьmь [instrumental, singular], -jemь [instrumental, singular], -jema [dual, instrumental], -ji [instrumental, plural], -ji [locative, singular], -ju [dual, locative], -jixъ [locative, plural], -ju [singular, vocative], -ja [dual, vocative], -ji [plural, vocative], *-ьjь [alternative]
  1. Nominal inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic, e.g.: Tags: masculine, morpheme, reconstruction Related terms: (i-stem), -ьje (english: noun-forming, usually denoting manner or location as well as the standard ending for deverbial action nouns) [neuter], -ьja (english: noun-forming, denoting collectiveness) [feminine], -ьjь
    Sense id: en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-w7KeLEmu Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymon, Proto-Slavic entries with etymon, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 9 8 21 18 17 13 15 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 7 6 17 15 14 11 12 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 6 7 18 13 13 10 11 22 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 6 20 14 13 9 12 21 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 4 5 23 17 15 8 13 16 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with etymon: 2 2 20 20 20 14 17 5 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 3 3 21 19 18 13 16 7
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix [Proto-Slavic]

Etymology: From verbal stems inflecting (explicitly or implicitly) with Proto-Slavic *-jeti + *-ъ. Cognate with Lithuanian -ỹs. Etymology templates: {{ety|sla-pro|id=deverbal}}, {{cog|sla-pro|*-jeti}} Proto-Slavic *-jeti, {{affix|sla-pro|*-ъ}} *-ъ, {{cog|lt|-ỹs}} Lithuanian -ỹs Head templates: {{sla-noun|m|cat=noun-forming suffixes}} *-jь m Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|stem=o}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -jь [nominative, singular], -ja [dual, nominative], -ji [nominative, plural], -ja [genitive, singular], -ju [dual, genitive], -jь [genitive, plural], -ju [dative, singular], -jema [dative, dual], -jemъ [dative, plural], -jь [accusative, singular], -ja [accusative, dual], -ję̇ [accusative, plural], -jьmь [instrumental, singular], -jemь [instrumental, singular], -jema [dual, instrumental], -ji [instrumental, plural], -ji [locative, singular], -ju [dual, locative], -jixъ [locative, plural], -ju [singular, vocative], -ja [dual, vocative], -ji [plural, vocative], *-ьjь [alternative]
  1. Deverbal from root-emphatic verbs inflecting in original Proto-Slavic *-jeti, creates agent/instrument nouns: Tags: masculine, morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-3Qgsst3L Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Slavic entries with etymon, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъ Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 9 8 21 18 17 13 15 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 7 6 17 15 14 11 12 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 6 7 18 13 13 10 11 22 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 6 20 14 13 9 12 21 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with etymon: 2 2 20 20 20 14 17 5 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 3 3 21 19 18 13 16 7 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъ: 28 28 20 24
  2. Deverbal from causative/iterative verbs inflecting in Proto-Slavic *-iti, creates agent/instrument nouns: Tags: masculine, morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-fitJLpD4 Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Slavic entries with etymon, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъ Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 9 8 21 18 17 13 15 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 7 6 17 15 14 11 12 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 6 7 18 13 13 10 11 22 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 6 20 14 13 9 12 21 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with etymon: 2 2 20 20 20 14 17 5 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 3 3 21 19 18 13 16 7 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъ: 28 28 20 24
  3. Deverbal from stative/essive verbs inflecting in *-ěti/*-jati, yielding Proto-Slavic *-ějь. Tags: masculine, morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-pNS33CsO Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages using etymon with no ID, Proto-Slavic entries with etymon, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъ Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 9 8 21 18 17 13 15 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 7 6 17 15 14 11 12 17 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with etymon: 2 2 20 20 20 14 17 5 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 3 3 21 19 18 13 16 7 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъ: 28 28 20 24
  4. Deverbal from factive verbs inflecting in *-ati, yielding Proto-Slavic *-ajь. Tags: masculine, morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-2TGbEI3O Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Slavic entries with etymon, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъ Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 9 8 21 18 17 13 15 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 7 6 17 15 14 11 12 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 6 7 18 13 13 10 11 22 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 6 20 14 13 9 12 21 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with etymon: 2 2 20 20 20 14 17 5 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 3 3 21 19 18 13 16 7 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъ: 28 28 20 24
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix [Proto-Slavic]

Forms: *-ьjь [alternative]
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *-yós (“belonging to”). Etymology templates: {{ety|sla-pro|:inh|ine-pro:*-yós|id=pronominal}} [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-jь", "lang" : "sla-pro" }" data-id="pronominal" data-lang="sla-pro" data-title="*-jь" id="Proto-Slavic:_pronominal">, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*-yós|t=belonging to}} Proto-Indo-European *-yós (“belonging to”) Head templates: {{sla-noun|m|cat=pronoun-forming suffixes}} *-jь m
  1. Pronominal ending, attached to o-grade root, forming possessive pronouns: Tags: masculine, morpheme, reconstruction Related terms: [particle, relative]
    Sense id: en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-ZTsUFsD6 Categories (other): Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 7 6 17 15 14 11 12 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 6 7 18 13 13 10 11 22 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 6 20 14 13 9 12 21
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Belarusian",
                  "lang_code": "be",
                  "roman": "-j",
                  "word": "-й"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Ukrainian",
                  "lang_code": "uk",
                  "roman": "-j",
                  "word": "-й"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old Ruthenian",
              "lang_code": "zle-ort",
              "roman": "-i",
              "word": "-и"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Belarusian",
                  "lang_code": "be",
                  "roman": "-j",
                  "word": "-й"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Ukrainian",
                  "lang_code": "uk",
                  "roman": "-j",
                  "word": "-й"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old Ruthenian",
              "lang_code": "zle-ort",
              "roman": "-j",
              "word": "-й"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old East Slavic",
          "lang_code": "orv",
          "roman": "-i",
          "word": "-и"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-j",
          "word": "-й"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
          "lang_code": "cu",
          "roman": "-i",
          "word": "-и"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "lang_code": "mk"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "-i"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "-и"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "lang_code": "sl"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "South Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "word": "-í"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "word": "-i"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "word": "-í"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "dsb",
              "word": "-i"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "dsb",
              "word": "-y"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Sorbian",
          "lang_code": "unknown"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "West Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro:*-jas<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-yós>>",
        "id": "nom"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-jas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-jь\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"nom\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-jь\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_nom\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*-jas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-yós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yós",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-yos",
        "4": "*-yos ~ *-is"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yos ~ *-is",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*siňь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *siňь",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-ỹs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian -ỹs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "under stress"
      },
      "expansion": "(under stress)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-ias"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian -ias",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "elsewhere"
      },
      "expansion": "(elsewhere)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "-̧s, -̧š"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian -̧s, -̧š",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas, effectively continuing Proto-Indo-European *-yós and partially the marginal elative Caland suffix Proto-Indo-European *-yos ~ *-is. In some cases, e.g. Proto-Slavic *siňь, the jo-stem may have spread from the comparative *-jьš-.\nOver time, some yo-stem adjectives were fossilized into nouns and some kinetic i-stems were leveled out into jo-stems, giving rise to Slavic jo-stem nouns. Another source of jo-stem nouns is from Illič-Svityč's law , which transformed neutral ap B nouns (including jo-stems) into masculine.\nCognate with Lithuanian -ỹs (under stress), -is (genitive -io), Lithuanian -ias/-jas (elsewhere), Latvian -̧s, -̧š.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jejǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jeje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jajego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jajego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jujemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jujemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jǫjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jeje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jǫjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jeje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-juju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-juju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-juju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-juju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-juju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-juju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-ьjь",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "cat": "adjective-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-jь",
      "name": "sla-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-jь",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "dobľь (“honest”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ryďь (“ruddy, ginger”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "siňь (“glaucos blue/gray”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Adjectival inherited from the Caland roots, usually with exceptional or magnifying meaning"
      ],
      "id": "en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-xp9x~Pyt",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Adjectival inherited from the Caland roots, usually with exceptional or magnifying meaning:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "lošь (“bad”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "dužь (“strong”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "bujь (“aggressive, fierce”)"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "secondary origin"
        },
        {
          "word": "attached to o-grade roots"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Adjectival of secondary origin, attached to o-grade roots"
      ],
      "id": "en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-3-0B5qRS",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Adjectival of secondary origin, attached to o-grade roots:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "form-of",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-jь"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro:*-jas<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-yós>>",
        "id": "nom"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-jas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-jь\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"nom\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-jь\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_nom\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*-jas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-yós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yós",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-yos",
        "4": "*-yos ~ *-is"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yos ~ *-is",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*siňь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *siňь",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-ỹs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian -ỹs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "under stress"
      },
      "expansion": "(under stress)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-ias"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian -ias",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "elsewhere"
      },
      "expansion": "(elsewhere)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "-̧s, -̧š"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian -̧s, -̧š",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas, effectively continuing Proto-Indo-European *-yós and partially the marginal elative Caland suffix Proto-Indo-European *-yos ~ *-is. In some cases, e.g. Proto-Slavic *siňь, the jo-stem may have spread from the comparative *-jьš-.\nOver time, some yo-stem adjectives were fossilized into nouns and some kinetic i-stems were leveled out into jo-stems, giving rise to Slavic jo-stem nouns. Another source of jo-stem nouns is from Illič-Svityč's law , which transformed neutral ap B nouns (including jo-stems) into masculine.\nCognate with Lithuanian -ỹs (under stress), -is (genitive -io), Lithuanian -ias/-jas (elsewhere), Latvian -̧s, -̧š.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-ьjь",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "cat": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-jь m",
      "name": "sla-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "o"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-jь",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 8 21 18 17 13 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 17 15 14 11 12 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 7 18 13 13 10 11 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 6 20 14 13 9 12 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 5 23 17 15 8 13 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 20 20 20 14 17 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 21 19 18 13 16 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "mǫžь (“man”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "moľь (“moth”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "koňь (“horse”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ǫ̃žь (“snake”) (from a leveled PIE proterokinetic i-stem)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Nominal inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic, e.g."
      ],
      "id": "en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-w7KeLEmu",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Nominal inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic, e.g.:"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "i-stem",
          "word": "-ь"
        },
        {
          "english": "noun-forming, usually denoting manner or location as well as the standard ending for deverbial action nouns",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "translation": "noun-forming, usually denoting manner or location as well as the standard ending for deverbial action nouns",
          "word": "-ьje"
        },
        {
          "english": "noun-forming, denoting collectiveness",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "translation": "noun-forming, denoting collectiveness",
          "word": "-ьja"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ьjь"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-jь"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "id": "deverbal"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*-jeti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-jeti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*-ъ"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ъ",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-ỹs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian -ỹs",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From verbal stems inflecting (explicitly or implicitly) with Proto-Slavic *-jeti + *-ъ.\nCognate with Lithuanian -ỹs.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-ьjь",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "cat": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-jь m",
      "name": "sla-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "o"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-jь",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 8 21 18 17 13 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 17 15 14 11 12 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 7 18 13 13 10 11 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 6 20 14 13 9 12 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 20 20 20 14 17 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 21 19 18 13 16 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 28 20 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъ",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "kyjь (“hammer”) ← *kuti (“to hew”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "pьňь (“stump”) ←*pęti (“to stretch”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal from root-emphatic verbs inflecting in original Proto-Slavic *-jeti, creates agent/instrument nouns"
      ],
      "id": "en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-3Qgsst3L",
      "links": [
        [
          "Proto-Slavic",
          "w:Proto-Slavic language"
        ],
        [
          "*-jeti",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-jeti"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Deverbal from root-emphatic verbs inflecting in original Proto-Slavic *-jeti, creates agent/instrument nouns:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 8 21 18 17 13 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 17 15 14 11 12 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 7 18 13 13 10 11 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 6 20 14 13 9 12 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 20 20 20 14 17 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 21 19 18 13 16 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 28 20 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъ",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "voďь (“leader”) ← *voditi (“to lead”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "lučь (“ray”) ← *lučiti (“to pinpoint, to target”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "nožь (“knife”) ← *noziti (“to skewer”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "gojь (“fest, abundance”) ← *gojiti (“to feed”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal from causative/iterative verbs inflecting in Proto-Slavic *-iti, creates agent/instrument nouns"
      ],
      "id": "en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-fitJLpD4",
      "links": [
        [
          "Proto-Slavic",
          "w:Proto-Slavic language"
        ],
        [
          "*-iti",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-iti"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Deverbal from causative/iterative verbs inflecting in Proto-Slavic *-iti, creates agent/instrument nouns:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 8 21 18 17 13 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 17 15 14 11 12 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 20 20 20 14 17 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 21 19 18 13 16 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 28 20 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъ",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal from stative/essive verbs inflecting in *-ěti/*-jati, yielding Proto-Slavic *-ějь."
      ],
      "id": "en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-pNS33CsO",
      "links": [
        [
          "*-ěti",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ěti"
        ],
        [
          "*-jati",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-jati"
        ],
        [
          "Proto-Slavic",
          "w:Proto-Slavic language"
        ],
        [
          "*-ějь",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ějь"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 8 21 18 17 13 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 17 15 14 11 12 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 7 18 13 13 10 11 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 6 20 14 13 9 12 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 20 20 20 14 17 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 21 19 18 13 16 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 28 20 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъ",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal from factive verbs inflecting in *-ati, yielding Proto-Slavic *-ajь."
      ],
      "id": "en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-2TGbEI3O",
      "links": [
        [
          "*-ati",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ati"
        ],
        [
          "Proto-Slavic",
          "w:Proto-Slavic language"
        ],
        [
          "*-ajь",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ajь"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-jь"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "3",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ine-pro:*-yós",
        "id": "pronominal"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-jь\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"pronominal\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-jь\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_pronominal\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-yós",
        "t": "belonging to"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yós (“belonging to”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-yós (“belonging to”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "*-ьjь",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "cat": "pronoun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-jь m",
      "name": "sla-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-jь",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 17 15 14 11 12 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 7 18 13 13 10 11 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 6 20 14 13 9 12 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "mojь (“mine”) ← *mi (“me”) (dative)"
        },
        {
          "text": "tvojь (“thy”) ← *ti (“thee”) (dative)"
        },
        {
          "text": "svojь (“own”) ← *si (“self”) (dative)"
        },
        {
          "text": "našь (“our”) ← *nàsъ (“ours”) (genitive)"
        },
        {
          "text": "vašь (“your”) ← *vàsъ (“yours”) (genitive)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pronominal ending, attached to o-grade root, forming possessive pronouns"
      ],
      "id": "en--jь-sla-pro-suffix-ZTsUFsD6",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Pronominal ending, attached to o-grade root, forming possessive pronouns:"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "particle",
            "relative"
          ],
          "word": "jь"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-jь"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
    "Proto-Slavic adjective-forming suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic masculine suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic soft adjectives",
    "Proto-Slavic soft masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic soft o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Belarusian",
                  "lang_code": "be",
                  "roman": "-j",
                  "word": "-й"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Ukrainian",
                  "lang_code": "uk",
                  "roman": "-j",
                  "word": "-й"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old Ruthenian",
              "lang_code": "zle-ort",
              "roman": "-i",
              "word": "-и"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Belarusian",
                  "lang_code": "be",
                  "roman": "-j",
                  "word": "-й"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Ukrainian",
                  "lang_code": "uk",
                  "roman": "-j",
                  "word": "-й"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old Ruthenian",
              "lang_code": "zle-ort",
              "roman": "-j",
              "word": "-й"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old East Slavic",
          "lang_code": "orv",
          "roman": "-i",
          "word": "-и"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-j",
          "word": "-й"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
          "lang_code": "cu",
          "roman": "-i",
          "word": "-и"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "lang_code": "mk"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "-i"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "-и"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "lang_code": "sl"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "South Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "word": "-í"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "word": "-i"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "word": "-í"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "dsb",
              "word": "-i"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "dsb",
              "word": "-y"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Sorbian",
          "lang_code": "unknown"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "West Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro:*-jas<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-yós>>",
        "id": "nom"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-jas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-jь\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"nom\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-jь\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_nom\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*-jas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-yós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yós",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-yos",
        "4": "*-yos ~ *-is"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yos ~ *-is",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*siňь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *siňь",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-ỹs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian -ỹs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "under stress"
      },
      "expansion": "(under stress)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-ias"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian -ias",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "elsewhere"
      },
      "expansion": "(elsewhere)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "-̧s, -̧š"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian -̧s, -̧š",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas, effectively continuing Proto-Indo-European *-yós and partially the marginal elative Caland suffix Proto-Indo-European *-yos ~ *-is. In some cases, e.g. Proto-Slavic *siňь, the jo-stem may have spread from the comparative *-jьš-.\nOver time, some yo-stem adjectives were fossilized into nouns and some kinetic i-stems were leveled out into jo-stems, giving rise to Slavic jo-stem nouns. Another source of jo-stem nouns is from Illič-Svityč's law , which transformed neutral ap B nouns (including jo-stems) into masculine.\nCognate with Lithuanian -ỹs (under stress), -is (genitive -io), Lithuanian -ias/-jas (elsewhere), Latvian -̧s, -̧š.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jejǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jeje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jajego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jajego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jujemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jujemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jǫjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jeje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jǫjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jeje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-juju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-juju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-juju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-juju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-juju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-juju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jijixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-ьjь",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "cat": "adjective-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-jь",
      "name": "sla-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-jь",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "dobľь (“honest”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ryďь (“ruddy, ginger”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "siňь (“glaucos blue/gray”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Adjectival inherited from the Caland roots, usually with exceptional or magnifying meaning"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Adjectival inherited from the Caland roots, usually with exceptional or magnifying meaning:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "lošь (“bad”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "dužь (“strong”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "bujь (“aggressive, fierce”)"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "secondary origin"
        },
        {
          "word": "attached to o-grade roots"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Adjectival of secondary origin, attached to o-grade roots"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Adjectival of secondary origin, attached to o-grade roots:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "form-of",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-jь"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
    "Proto-Slavic adjective-forming suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic masculine suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic soft adjectives",
    "Proto-Slavic soft masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic soft o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro:*-jas<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-yós>>",
        "id": "nom"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-jas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-jь\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"nom\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-jь\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_nom\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*-jas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-yós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yós",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-yos",
        "4": "*-yos ~ *-is"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yos ~ *-is",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*siňь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *siňь",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-ỹs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian -ỹs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "under stress"
      },
      "expansion": "(under stress)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-ias"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian -ias",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "elsewhere"
      },
      "expansion": "(elsewhere)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "-̧s, -̧š"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian -̧s, -̧š",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas, effectively continuing Proto-Indo-European *-yós and partially the marginal elative Caland suffix Proto-Indo-European *-yos ~ *-is. In some cases, e.g. Proto-Slavic *siňь, the jo-stem may have spread from the comparative *-jьš-.\nOver time, some yo-stem adjectives were fossilized into nouns and some kinetic i-stems were leveled out into jo-stems, giving rise to Slavic jo-stem nouns. Another source of jo-stem nouns is from Illič-Svityč's law , which transformed neutral ap B nouns (including jo-stems) into masculine.\nCognate with Lithuanian -ỹs (under stress), -is (genitive -io), Lithuanian -ias/-jas (elsewhere), Latvian -̧s, -̧š.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-ьjь",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "cat": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-jь m",
      "name": "sla-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "o"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-jь",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "i-stem",
      "word": "-ь"
    },
    {
      "english": "noun-forming, usually denoting manner or location as well as the standard ending for deverbial action nouns",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "translation": "noun-forming, usually denoting manner or location as well as the standard ending for deverbial action nouns",
      "word": "-ьje"
    },
    {
      "english": "noun-forming, denoting collectiveness",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "translation": "noun-forming, denoting collectiveness",
      "word": "-ьja"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ьjь"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "mǫžь (“man”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "moľь (“moth”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "koňь (“horse”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ǫ̃žь (“snake”) (from a leveled PIE proterokinetic i-stem)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Nominal inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic, e.g."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Nominal inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic, e.g.:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-jь"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic masculine suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic soft masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic soft o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъ"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "id": "deverbal"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*-jeti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-jeti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*-ъ"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ъ",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-ỹs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian -ỹs",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From verbal stems inflecting (explicitly or implicitly) with Proto-Slavic *-jeti + *-ъ.\nCognate with Lithuanian -ỹs.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jьmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-ьjь",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "cat": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-jь m",
      "name": "sla-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "o"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-jь",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "kyjь (“hammer”) ← *kuti (“to hew”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "pьňь (“stump”) ←*pęti (“to stretch”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal from root-emphatic verbs inflecting in original Proto-Slavic *-jeti, creates agent/instrument nouns"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Proto-Slavic",
          "w:Proto-Slavic language"
        ],
        [
          "*-jeti",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-jeti"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Deverbal from root-emphatic verbs inflecting in original Proto-Slavic *-jeti, creates agent/instrument nouns:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "voďь (“leader”) ← *voditi (“to lead”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "lučь (“ray”) ← *lučiti (“to pinpoint, to target”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "nožь (“knife”) ← *noziti (“to skewer”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "gojь (“fest, abundance”) ← *gojiti (“to feed”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal from causative/iterative verbs inflecting in Proto-Slavic *-iti, creates agent/instrument nouns"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Proto-Slavic",
          "w:Proto-Slavic language"
        ],
        [
          "*-iti",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-iti"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Deverbal from causative/iterative verbs inflecting in Proto-Slavic *-iti, creates agent/instrument nouns:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal from stative/essive verbs inflecting in *-ěti/*-jati, yielding Proto-Slavic *-ějь."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "*-ěti",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ěti"
        ],
        [
          "*-jati",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-jati"
        ],
        [
          "Proto-Slavic",
          "w:Proto-Slavic language"
        ],
        [
          "*-ějь",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ějь"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal from factive verbs inflecting in *-ati, yielding Proto-Slavic *-ajь."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "*-ati",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ati"
        ],
        [
          "Proto-Slavic",
          "w:Proto-Slavic language"
        ],
        [
          "*-ajь",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ajь"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-jь"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "3",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ine-pro:*-yós",
        "id": "pronominal"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-jь\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"pronominal\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-jь\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_pronominal\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-yós",
        "t": "belonging to"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yós (“belonging to”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-yós (“belonging to”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "*-ьjь",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "cat": "pronoun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-jь m",
      "name": "sla-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-jь",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "particle",
        "relative"
      ],
      "word": "jь"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "mojь (“mine”) ← *mi (“me”) (dative)"
        },
        {
          "text": "tvojь (“thy”) ← *ti (“thee”) (dative)"
        },
        {
          "text": "svojь (“own”) ← *si (“self”) (dative)"
        },
        {
          "text": "našь (“our”) ← *nàsъ (“ours”) (genitive)"
        },
        {
          "text": "vašь (“your”) ← *vàsъ (“yours”) (genitive)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pronominal ending, attached to o-grade root, forming possessive pronouns"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Pronominal ending, attached to o-grade root, forming possessive pronouns:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-jь"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -jь meaning in All languages combined (31.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.